Understanding Stroke: Acting Fast Can Save a Life

This article is derived from insights shared by Dr Sein Lwin during his appearance on Mediacorp’s Every Body Knows – Season 2 (Stroke episode). Watch the full episode on YouTube or meWATCH.

By Dr Sein Lwin, Senior Consultant Neurosurgeon

What Happens During a Stroke?

A stroke occurs when the brain’s blood supply is interrupted — depriving brain cells of oxygen and nutrients. According to Dr Sein Lwin, it can strike suddenly, which is why it’s called a “stroke.”

As Dr Sein explains (0:52 – 1:33), there are two main types:

Ischaemic Stroke – caused by a blockage of blood flow, this is the most common type.

Haemorrhagic Stroke – occurs when a blood vessel bursts, leading to bleeding within the brain.

A milder version known as a Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA), or “mini-stroke,” happens when the blockage is brief and resolves on its own — but it serves as an early warning sign of a possible major stroke.

The Golden Hour: Why Time Is Everything

Stroke is a medical emergency. Dr Sein emphasizes ((1:59 – 2:18) that the first three hours after the onset of symptoms — often called the “golden hour” — are critical.

If diagnosis and treatment are started within this window, many patients can recover almost completely. Delays, however, can lead to irreversible brain damage or death.

Recognising the Warning Signs: F.A.S.T.

The acronym F.A.S.T. helps identify the common symptoms of a stroke:

F – Face: Facial drooping or uneven smile
A – Arm: Weakness or numbness in one arm or side of the body
S – Speech: Slurred or strange speech
T – Time: Call for emergency help immediately

Dr Sein explains that (5:44 – 6:25) other early symptoms include a sudden, persistent headache, dizziness, or loss of balance — especially if these do not improve with rest or medication.

Stroke Can Affect Anyone — Even the Young

While stroke risk increases with age, Dr Sein reminds (7:45 – 7:49) that young adults are not immune. Cases have been reported even among teenagers and athletes, sometimes linked to rare conditions or genetic predispositions.

A family history of stroke further raises the risk, highlighting the importance of early and regular health screenings.

The Role of Family and Caregivers

Stroke recovery often requires both medical care and emotional support.

Caregivers should be alert to any sudden mood or behaviour changes — such as confusion, irritability, or disorientation — as these may indicate brain function changes or emotional impact following a stroke.

Rehabilitation and Recovery

Rehabilitation after a stroke goes beyond physical recovery.

Dr Sein explains that it includes:

Physiotherapy and occupational therapy to restore movement and coordination
Cognitive and psychological therapy to help manage mood and memory changes
Activities such as balance training, core exercises, or even kickboxing can help retrain both body and mind under supervision

Recovery is gradual but achievable with consistent effort, medical guidance, and family encouragement.

What Increases Stroke Risk?

The leading risk factors for stroke are also common lifestyle-related conditions:

High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Diabetes
Smoking
Obesity
Excessive alcohol intake

Dr Sein also notes that ethnic and genetic factors can play a role. For example, certain Asian populations may be more prone to conditions such as Moyamoya disease, a rare disorder that causes early-onset stroke due to narrowing brain arteries.

When to Seek Help

Never ignore sudden, severe headaches, especially when accompanied by vomiting, confusion, or weakness.

If a stroke is suspected, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can save both life and brain function.

Disclaimer

This article is intended for general educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice. Individuals experiencing symptoms or with stroke risk factors should consult a qualified healthcare professional for assessment and management.